Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Young Adults: Insights from India and Around the World

Psychology, in a broad sense, is all about mind and behaviour but it also includes the study of sensation and perception, learning, memory, language, thinking, intelligence, emotions, motivation, personality, stressors, physical health, coping mechanisms, psychological disorders and their treatments.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in mental health concerns among young adults, both globally and within India. Mental health and well-being is as important as our physical health yet we have failed to understand its significance. As the times are changing, information about fashion, politics, finance, technology, scientific advances etc. have been made accessible to people of all ages and backgrounds through the use of internet.

But information in little doses or without actual data can’t be considered a trove of knowledge. Being connected to the world and its issues has made people vulnerable to their own minds. The rapid increase in misinformation and the need to feel connected on social media has created a space for people to not only express themselves but also puts them at a position of being influenced by the opinions of others.

With a keen interest in Social Work and Psychology, I’ve explored the latest research and statistics to shed light on this growing issue and discuss ways we can better support this vulnerable demographic. To understand the impact of social media on the mental health of our youth we need to be aware of the things that affect and shape the mindset of the general populace.

Psychology, in a broad sense, is all about mind and behaviour but it also includes the study of sensation and perception, learning, memory, language, thinking, intelligence, emotions, motivation, personality, stressors, physical health, coping mechanisms, psychological disorders and their treatments. Today all this has been boiled down to reflect and justify the behaviour of our young generation.

Education, relationships, family and friendships are all changing rapidly and constantly because people fail to grasp the basic concept of mental health. Hyperbole has become second nature and people claim to be depressed even if they are just feeling upset about something trivial and this negates the experiences of people who are actually struggling with doing the bare minimum for day to day survival. Everyone thinks they are neurodivergent because they saw a reel or TikTok or because some online test shows their behaviour might be identical to a person suffering from ADHD or ASD. This also explains why people are resorting to social media for validation instead of seeking actual help from trained professionals.

There’s a lot that can be said on this topic so let’s dive into the trends, challenges, and potential solutions together.

The Global Perspective

1. Increasing Rates of Mental Health Challenges

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 1 in 4 young adults will face a mental health challenge during their lifetime. This statistic highlights the extensive nature of the issue and the urgent need for effective intervention strategies. The updated Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030 has set out clear actions for its Member States, international, national and regional partners to promote mental health and well-being for all. It’s four major objectives include – more effective leadership and governance for mental health; the provision of comprehensive, integrated mental health and social care services in community based settings; implementation of strategies for promotion and prevention; and strengthened information systems, evidence and research.

Global rates of mental health issues have surged significantly in recent years. In 2019, about 970 million people were living with a mental disorder worldwide, with anxiety and depression being the most common. This number increased sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an estimated 25% rise in the prevalence of anxiety and depression due to stress factors like social isolation, health fears, and financial worries. Young people and women have been disproportionately affected by these conditions.

A 2023 large-scale study showed that 50% of the global population will experience a mental health disorder by age 75, with mood disorders like depression and anxiety being among the most prevalent. The economic impact of mental health disorders is also significant, with massive productivity losses. Despite the availability of effective treatments, global mental health services remain underfunded and inadequate. These trends emphasise the urgent need for improved access to mental health services and interventions worldwide.

2. The Role of Social Media

Research published in the Journal of Adolescent Health reveals a strong link between heavy social media usage and rising levels of anxiety and depression among young adults. As social media becomes more ingrained in our daily routines, it’s crucial to understand its effects on mental well-being. Factors such as constant comparisons, cyberbullying, and unrealistic portrayals of life can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy and loneliness. Social media has a profound impact on mental health, particularly for younger generations. On the negative side, constant comparison and fear of missing out (FOMO) contribute to increased anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Platforms can also foster cyberbullying and body image issues, leading to mental health struggles like low self-esteem and disordered eating. Additionally, excessive use can disrupt sleep and reduce productivity, worsening mental well-being.

However, social media also provides some benefits, such as creating support networks and raising awareness about mental health issues. Online communities can offer connection and resources, helping people feel less isolated. Despite these positives, balancing social media use with offline activities is key to maintaining good mental health.

The Indian Context

1. Concerning Trends

In India, the National Mental Health Survey (2015-16) indicates that nearly 1 in 5 adults suffer from mental health issues, with young adults being particularly affected. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified these problems, leading to increased reports of anxiety and depression, as noted by the Indian Psychiatry Society. This underscores the urgent need for targeted mental health programs focused on youth.

In India, social media’s impact on mental health is becoming increasingly evident, especially among young people. With over 700 million internet users, platforms like Instagram and Facebook have become integral to daily life. However, studies show that excessive use can lead to anxiety, depression, and body image issues. A survey by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) found that 35% of Indian adolescents face cyberbullying, contributing to mental health concerns. Social media addiction is also a growing problem, with young Indians spending an average of 2-3 hours daily on these platforms, leading to poor sleep and social isolation.

While social media provides a platform for support and awareness, the rise in mental health issues highlights the need for balanced usage and better mental health resources.

2. Access Barriers

Despite the rising demand for mental health services, the Indian healthcare system struggles to provide sufficient support. A study published in The Lancet Psychiatry found that fewer than 10% of individuals with mental health concerns receive the necessary care. This highlights the critical need to improve access to services and combat the stigma associated with mental health.

In India, accessing mental healthcare is hindered by several barriers, including a significant shortage of mental health professionals and facilities, particularly in rural areas. Stigma surrounding mental illness often prevents individuals from seeking help, while high costs and lack of insurance coverage can make treatment financially inaccessible. Additionally, inadequate public awareness and limited integration of mental health services within primary healthcare systems further exacerbate these challenges, leaving many without necessary support.

Strategies for Support

1. Enhancing Awareness

Raising mental health awareness through education and community campaigns is essential in reducing stigma. Programs in educational institutions can empower young adults to recognize mental health issues and motivate them to seek help early. Normalising discussions around mental health can create a more supportive atmosphere. Encouraging parents and caregivers to be aware and supportive of the mental well-being of their children would also be beneficial, especially in the Asian communities where parents have a lot of involvement in their children’s lives. Focus should also be on making people aware of the fact that mental healthcare does not have to be sought only if you suffer from major psychological/psychiatric disorders.

2. Utilizing Technology

The rise of online platforms and mobile applications presents new avenues for delivering mental health support. Teletherapy and mental health apps can effectively reach individuals who may not have access to traditional therapy. By harnessing technology, we can eliminate barriers and make support more accessible. Since technology and social media are a big part of their life, institutions should use the fact to create and promote content related to mental healthcare and psychological issues. This would also help combat the misinformation being spread across the internet.

3. Community Engagement

Local organizations and support groups play a crucial role in providing resources and fostering a sense of belonging. Tailored programs that address the specific needs of young adults can significantly impact their mental health journeys. Non-profit organisations and CSRs (Corporate Social Responsibility) should think of ways to incorporate mental healthcare in their agenda and organise workshops and discussions around mental health and well-being as an integral component of healthcare. This could help increase awareness among young adults about available options and identify their own personal needs.

Conclusion

Addressing the increase in mental health issues among young adults necessitates both a global perspective and an understanding of local contexts. Social media has a profound impact on young adults and influences various aspects of their lives. By staying informed about current statistics and research, we can work towards developing more effective solutions and support systems. It’s vital to cultivate an environment that encourages young adults to prioritise their mental health and seek the assistance they need. There is no doubt that social media offers opportunities for self expression and networking but concerns about mental health, privacy and misinformation highlight the need for a balanced approach to its use.

As we confront these challenges, let’s commit to fostering support and advocating for mental health awareness and resources. Creating awareness and responsible digital habits will help in managing the impact of social media. Together, we can pave the way for a brighter future for young adults grappling with mental health issues.